Armillaria root rot is a well‐known disease on a wide range of plants, world‐wide. Armillaria altimontana, a new species from the western interior of North America. Hundreds of species of trees, shrubs, vines, and forbs (herbaceous flowering plants that are not graminoids (grasses, sedges and rushes) growing in forests, along roadsides, and in cultivated areas. Kim, M. -S., N. B. Klopfenstein, J. W. Hanna & G. I. McDonald (2006). Avoid all root damage to established woody plants in areas where construction is to occur. Volk, T. J. and H. H. Burdsall, Jr. (1995). Ten Speed Press, p 196, Jones RK and Benson DM, 2001. Volk, T. J. Characterization of North American Armillaria species: genetic relationships determined by ribosomal DNA sequences and AFLP markers. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp. Identification of Armillaria species from Wisconsin and adjacent areas. Mycologia 71: 402–412. Identification and distribution of Armillaria species associated with an oak decline event in the Arkansas Ozarks. Hanna, J. W., N. B. Klopfenstein, M. -S. Kim, G. I. McDonald & J. The identification of individual species is difficult because of similarities of their culture features. Plant Pathology (5th ed). Armillaria nabsnona, a new species from western North America. Burdsall, H. H. & T. J. Volk (2008). Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. Armillaria Mellea Look-alikes The Honey mushrooms are very similar, but microscopically can be identified, always take professional advice from a mycologist if planning to consume. Although various techniques are employed most rely on the difference between cultural mat morphology of haploid single-basidiospore isolates and putatively diploid isolates from decay, fans or rhizomorphs. Biological species of Armillaria in North America: Redesignation of groups IV and VIII and enumeration of voucher strains for other groups. In other words, DNA studies, mating studies, and traditional morphology (in most cases) agree on the species, which are also limited to specific environmental niches. First treated by Elias Magnus Fries in 1821, and later assigned generic rank by Friedrich Staude in 1857, Armillaria is classified in the family Physalacriaceae of … Sequences of the ITS-1, IGS-1 and EF-1α gene regions were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing, and phylogenetic trees were generated based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference of phylogenies. For many years it was thought that Armillaria existed as just one very variable species. . In the 1970s identification was based on basidiocarp (fruiting body) morphology (Herink, 1973 in Watling et al., 1991; Baumgartner et al., 2011). Kim, M. -S., N. B. Klopfenstein, G. I. McDonald, K. Arumuganathan & A. K. Vidaver (2000). Fungiflora: Oslo, Norway. & Burdsall, H. H. (1993). This species is an uncommon find in Britain and Ireland; it occurs also in most parts of central and southern mainland Europe and in North Africa as well as parts of Asia and North America (where it is often referred to as the Bulbous Honey Mushroom). It grows in dense clusters on and around the stumps of leaf and coniferous trees. & R. C. Ulrich (1979). The symptoms of the aboveground parts are similar to those caused by other root rot diseases. Mycoscience 53: 161–165. Prior to that, all root rots attributable to Armillaria spp. Forest Pathology 36: 145–164. Lethal effects of an electrical field on Armillaria mellea in culture. Armillaria mellea has a strong symbiotic relationship with Gastrodia elata, known as Tian Ma (Lung and Chang, 2011). Armillaria is a genus of fungi commonly known as honey mushrooms. Armillaria mellea is a single but polymorphic species. Armillaria mellea, also known as Honey Mushroom, is a large agaric that has a convex, flattened, or wavy, olive-tinged, pale yellow-brown cap with a darker center and sparse pale scales. It causes Armillaria root rot in many plant species and produces mushrooms around the base of trees it has infected. The genus Armillaria. The rhizomorphs advance through the soil (rate dependant on climate). They infect and kill … A. A. Paul & H. H. Burdsall (1995). Characterization of North American Armillaria species by nuclear DNA content and RFLP analysis. Four Armillaria species were isolated: Armillaria gallica, A. mellea, A. ostoyae and A. tabescens. Huge losses occur in orchards or vineyards planted in recently cleared forestlands or in forest tree plantations. (2000). Armillaria solidipes, an older name for the fungus called Armillaria ostoyae. Fox, R. T. V. & Sanson, S. (1996). The most well known species is probably Armillaria mellea. [ Basidiomycota > Agaricales > Physalaciaceae . Baumgartner, K. & Rizzo, D. M. (2001). Diseases of Trees and Shrubs. Mycologia 88: 484–491. Caution should be taken as the Galerina marginata is also known as the Funeral bell. Volk, T. J., Burdsall, H. H. & Banik, M. T. (1996). These are A. mellea, A. gallica, A. ostoyae, A. cepistipes, A. borealis, A. tabescens and A. ectypa. The genus Armillaria contains wood-rotting gilled mushrooms with white spore prints and gills that are attached to the stem or run down it. The genus has many species with a large number of obligate saprophytes and small number of true pathogens. (Most gilled fungi were initially placed in a giant Agaricus genus, now redistributed to many other genera.) Berube, J. Armillaria root rot is a disease of trees and woody plants, although it also affects palms, succulents, ferns and other herbaceous plants.This disease is caused by fungi in the genus Armillaria, also known as “oak root fungus,” although the fungus has no specificity for oaks. ]. Identification. Article: Stevenson, G. (1964). Honey Fungus was moved into its present genus in 1871 by the famous German mycologist Paul Kummer, whereupon its scientific name became Armillaria mellea. The classic "honey mushroom," Armillaria mellea, was first named from Europe in the 18th Century; here in North America it turns out to be limited to roughly the eastern half of North America, from about the Great Lakes to the Gulf Coast and the East Coast—although it has … (2005). Morphological studies of the Armillaria mellea complex: Two new species, A. gemina and A. calvescens.
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